{"id":994,"date":"2022-11-19T15:15:34","date_gmt":"2022-11-19T11:45:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/?p=994"},"modified":"2023-01-19T08:28:53","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T09:28:53","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ba%d8%b0%db%8c%d9%87-%da%af%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/%d8%aa%d8%ba%d8%b0%db%8c%d9%87-%da%af%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"Enrichment Plants"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"994\" class=\"elementor elementor-994\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b509490 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b509490\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b5f21e\" data-id=\"1b5f21e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4fae6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c4fae6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.6 - 08-06-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"424\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1.jpg 424w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-300x271.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3abf36f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3abf36f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7474a16\" data-id=\"7474a16\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48555ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48555ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.6 - 08-06-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #0f1419; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">Today, the production of cut flowers and ornamental plants is very important in the world. Balanced nutrition is one of the most important factors in improving the yield and quality of cut flowers after harvest (Malkoti, 2003). Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are the 3 main elements in the biochemical synthesis of organic substances (sugar, fat, protein, etc.). The carbon dioxide that is absorbed through the stomata provides the oxygen and carbon required by the plant and the water absorbed by the roots provides the necessary hydrogen and oxygen. Other nutrients required by the plant are classified into the groups of high consumption elements, main elements and low consumption elements. Antagonism between elements, inappropriate pH levels and temperature changes cause leaf color change and nutrient deficiency (Mercurio, 2007). Today, the production of cut flowers and ornamental plants is very important in the world. Balanced nutrition is one of the most important factors in improving the yield and quality of cut flowers after harvest (Malkoti, 2003). Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are the 3 main elements in the biochemical synthesis of organic substances (sugar, fat, protein, etc.). The carbon dioxide that is absorbed through the stomata provides the oxygen and carbon required by the plant and the water absorbed by the roots provides the necessary hydrogen and oxygen. Other nutrients required by the plant are classified into the groups of high consumption elements, main elements and low consumption elements. Antagonism between elements, inappropriate pH levels and temperature changes cause leaf color change and nutrient deficiency (Mercurio, 2007).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5939ef4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5939ef4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3679e10\" data-id=\"3679e10\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2de87 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bb2de87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.6 - 08-06-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-divider{--divider-border-style:none;--divider-border-width:1px;--divider-color:#2c2c2c;--divider-icon-size:20px;--divider-element-spacing:10px;--divider-pattern-height:24px;--divider-pattern-size:20px;--divider-pattern-url:none;--divider-pattern-repeat:repeat-x}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{font-size:15px;line-height:1;max-width:95%}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__element{margin:0 var(--divider-element-spacing);-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-icon{font-size:var(--divider-icon-size)}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider-separator{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:0;direction:ltr}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:before{display:block;content:\"\";border-bottom:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:100;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider-separator:before{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider__element{margin-left:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:last-of-type{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:100;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider-separator:after{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider__element{margin-right:0}.elementor-widget-divider:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text):not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon) .elementor-divider-separator{border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern{--divider-border-style:none}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern.elementor-widget-divider--view-line .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-99791de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"99791de\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4cb0ded\" data-id=\"4cb0ded\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fab176b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fab176b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.6 - 08-06-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification and working principles of food<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d2ca11 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d2ca11\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64cb060\" data-id=\"64cb060\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02c3313 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"02c3313\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>By definition, mineral nutrients have special and essential roles in plant metabolism. Based on the effect of food on plant growth, it is called high-consumption (macro) or low-consumption food. Another classification, which is based on physical and chemical properties, divides food into metals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper and molybdenum) and non-metals (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine) divide. A mineral nutrient can act as a component of an organic structure, activating enzyme reactions, or as an electric charge carrier and osmotic regulator (Marschner, 1996).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b74e8f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b74e8f1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6b5dbc\" data-id=\"a6b5dbc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8d523b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8d523b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nitrogen<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2cd360 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2cd360\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0835b6c\" data-id=\"0835b6c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f931c7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f931c7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nitrogen is an important element in plants and is a component of chlorophyll molecules and therefore plays an important role in photosynthesis (Faghria, 2009). Nitrogen is completely mobile in the soil, so the symptoms of its deficiency can be seen in old leaves (Hasandokht, 2016). Nitrogen plays an essential role in the production of proteins, nucleic acids and coenzymes (Barker and Pilbaum, 2007). The presence of large amounts of usable nitrogen in the soil in the early stages of plant growth increases the growth and as a result the plant matures quickly, but if it is abundant throughout the entire period of plant growth, it often leads to a lengthening of the growing season. This point is very important because in the case of some crops that are cultivated in areas with a limited growth period or in places where early autumn frosts may cause great damage to fruit trees, prolonging the growth period will be harmful (fat). , 1385). The need of plants for this element is very high in the early stages of growth, and it decreases with the age of the plant (Bentojones, 1996).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-75eaf10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"75eaf10\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-90eff0d\" data-id=\"90eff0d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da45734 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"da45734\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"453\" height=\"286\" src=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-1.jpg 453w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-1-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e2c7c33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e2c7c33\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0324145\" data-id=\"0324145\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef819de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef819de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nitrogen is absorbed by the roots in the form of ammonium and nitrate ions (Faghria, 2009). Nitrogen absorbed by the plant becomes amide and amide combines with acid and produces amino acid (Hasandekht, 2016). Nitrogen, like other elements, is transported to the leaves by the wood vessels, where it is converted into organic compounds (amino acids) through a metabolic reaction, and finally these compounds are distributed to other parts of the plant through phloem vessels. Mercury, 2007)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4edc1bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4edc1bd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-04e685a\" data-id=\"04e685a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f0a3d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f0a3d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Potassium<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a40eb54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a40eb54\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4dc6a57\" data-id=\"4dc6a57\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e600dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e600dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It is an element that has good mobility through the phloem vessel and easily moves from the oldest tissues to the youngest tissues (Mercurio, 2007). This element is absorbed by the plant in the form of K+ (Babadai Samani, 1387) and the most important sources of potassium supply are potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and potassium chloride (Rostaei, 1381). The amount of potassium consumption in plants is after nitrogen. It is more than other elements, but because the soils often have abundant amounts of usable potassium, therefore, adding potassium fertilizers to such soils does not have an effect on the growth of plants (Foot, 2016). Potassium is an element that is osmotically active, it is important in regulating the turgorescence of plant cells. Most plants contain large amounts of potassium, of which a very small amount is fixed in the cell structure (Sater, 2014). Potassium is not present in the organic compounds of the plant, but it affects the synthesis of proteins and the circulation of sugars and is responsible for the turgorescence of the cell (Fagria, 2009; Mercurio, 2007). Potassium plays an essential role in the activity of enzymes, absorption and transfer of iron, photosynthesis, reduction of respiration, loading and transfer of materials in phloem vessels, opening and closing of stomata, increasing root growth (Faghria, 2009; Barker and Pilbaum, 2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4ee2cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4ee2cb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb1db2e\" data-id=\"fb1db2e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5400bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b5400bd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-634a411\" data-id=\"634a411\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a75dd8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a75dd8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Potassium deficiency causes necrosis of the leaf margin. If the deficiency conditions continue, the stems will be shortened, (Barker and Pilbaum, 2007), the buds will become necrotic, and the color will change and the flowers will shrink. Deficiency of this element is mostly seen in clay soils with high cation exchange capacity. Also, the presence of excessive amounts of calcium, ammonium, and especially magnesium causes the symptoms of deficiency to intensify (Mercurio, 2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06efad7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06efad7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"389\" height=\"353\" src=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3.jpg 389w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3-300x272.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-725dd9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"725dd9d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-887e51c\" data-id=\"887e51c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c482091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c482091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phosphorus<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e956423 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e956423\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0946944\" data-id=\"0946944\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47ca2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d47ca2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: mina; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: mina; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: #0f1419; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">The need for this element is less than the two elements nitrogen and potassium (Babadai Samani, 2017). Phosphorus is relatively mobile in plants. Most of the phosphorus is absorbed by the plant in the form of primary orthophosphate (Hasandokht, 2016). Phosphorus is mainly a part of the nucleic acid structure of DNA and RNA, and it is also a part of phospholipids, i.e. fatty substances, which play an essential role in the membrane structure. Therefore, the lack of phosphorus has serious consequences for the cell, because the formation of new genetic materials in the nucleus and cytoplasm and new membranes around the cell and its various organelles is prevented. Phosphorus is also sensitively involved in all stages of energy transfer, because ATP and its synonyms consist of three phosphates attached to one nucleotide (Sater, 2014).<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4686b82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4686b82\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3304d94\" data-id=\"3304d94\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baffecc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"baffecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"606\" height=\"255\" src=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-2.jpg 606w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-2-300x126.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-2-600x252.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcac221 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcac221\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e19fca\" data-id=\"2e19fca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5aba4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5aba4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Magnesium<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cddb8fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cddb8fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12b094e\" data-id=\"12b094e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd3a661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd3a661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This element is part of the formation of chlorophyll molecules (Mercurio, 2007). Magnesium is one of the mobile elements in the plant, and its deficiency causes interveinal chlorosis in old leaves, and in case of severe deficiency, the whole leaf becomes pale yellow and eventually turns brown and disappears (Hasandokht, 2016) and root growth are reduced and become dark red (Fagria, 2009). The cofactor of many enzyme and receptor reactions is protein, and it plays a role in regulating membrane channels (Barker and Pilbaum, 2007), maintaining ribosome structure, respiration, and the formation of sugars (Faghria, 2009). It is absorbed in the form of Mg2+ ions and is more mobile than calcium in the plant. Magnesium deficiency occurs frequently in sandy soils with low pH or high levels of calcium and potassium (Mercurio, 2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3ab2b50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3ab2b50\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fe1674f\" data-id=\"fe1674f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-212f1fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"212f1fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"451\" height=\"501\" src=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6.jpg 451w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6-270x300.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdf845 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdf845\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b008765\" data-id=\"b008765\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c3c50d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c3c50d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sulfur<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a5663f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1a5663f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b3704b\" data-id=\"0b3704b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95b59bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95b59bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sulfur is absorbed in the form of sulfate (SO42-) from the soil and sulfur dioxide from the air (Hasandokht, 2016). This element plays a role in the structure of a number of amino acids, a large number of enzymes (Fagria, 2009; Mercurio, 2007), in the structure of the chlorophyll molecule, cold resistance and hormone synthesis (Fagria, 2009). Sulfur is not very mobile in the plant and its deficiency is mostly seen in young leaves (Barker and Pilbaum, 2007; Fagria, 2009). In sulfur deficiency, chlorosis is seen on the leaves similar to nitrogen deficiency, but the yellowing starts from younger leaves (Miles and Jones, 1996). Also, dark red color is created along the secondary and main veins of young leaves (Mercurio, 2007), the growth of the roots is limited and narrow, and the legs are shortened (Fagria, 2009).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-312a5fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"312a5fa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85f4c44\" data-id=\"85f4c44\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59482eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"59482eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5.jpg 450w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5-300x275.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9801a6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9801a6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4ce977\" data-id=\"d4ce977\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd621b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3dd621b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iron<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-922f733 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"922f733\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c922e2c\" data-id=\"c922e2c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d07f74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d07f74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'mina',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: #0f1419; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\"><br \/><\/span>Iron plays an important role in chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis process, nitrogen fixation and protein synthesis. It is an electron carrier in a large number of biochemical reactions and is present in the composition of many enzymes. This element has very little mobility and therefore its deficiency is observed in the youngest leaves (Fagria, 2009; Mercario, 2007). Shortening, shrinking of leaves, necrosis of leaf tip and intervascular areas and finally drying of leaves are other symptoms of deficiency of this element. Iron toxicity can cause manganese deficiency (Babadai Samani, 2007; Mercury, 2007), darkening of leaves and browning of roots (Barker and Pilbaum, 2007). Some plants are able to change the conditions of the soil solution near the roots and increase the absorption of iron by increasing the acidity of the soil solution (Babadai Samani, 2017).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b9c316f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b9c316f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9108302\" data-id=\"9108302\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2d52f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2d52f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"414\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/8.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/8.jpg 414w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/8-300x230.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ab2706\" data-id=\"1ab2706\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd9a566 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cd9a566\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"404\" height=\"377\" src=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/7-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/7-1.jpg 404w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/7-1-300x280.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c90d42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c90d42\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e541a1\" data-id=\"1e541a1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e7a05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2e7a05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manganese<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eeb6a5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eeb6a5b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d826a0\" data-id=\"2d826a0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c52d52a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c52d52a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify; vertical-align: top; margin: 9.0pt 0in 9.0pt 0in;\">Symptoms of manganese deficiency are similar to iron deficiency<br \/>is seen in young leaves. Manganese is absorbed by the plant directly through the leaves<br \/>to be (Hasandokht, 2016). Manganese in activating enzymes, oxidation-reduction processes,<br \/>Photosynthesis, synthesis of lignin and amino acids, hormone regulation, chlorophyll synthesis, increase<br \/>The role of germination and maturation, increase of phosphorus and calcium, metabolism and absorption of nitrogen and synthesis<br \/>Secondary metabolites play a role (Mercurio, 2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4be1d3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4be1d3e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8caffe7\" data-id=\"8caffe7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a46789 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8a46789\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"377\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/9.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/9.jpg 377w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/9-265x300.jpg 265w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-accb108 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"accb108\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1632f7\" data-id=\"d1632f7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f49a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2f49a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify; vertical-align: top; margin: 9.0pt 0in 9.0pt 0in;\">Manganese deficiency, like iron deficiency, causes chlorosis between the vessels, but it occurs between the vessels, but the chlorosis caused by manganese deficiency is not uniformly distributed on the surface of the leaf (Babadai Samani, 2007). Manganese toxicity reduces the absorption of iron, copper and calcium (Fagria, 2009). It also causes small purple-reddish spots and necrosis next to old leaves due to MnO2 deposition (Barker and Pilbaum, 2007; Mercario, 2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5fa4d01 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5fa4d01\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c547ba\" data-id=\"3c547ba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9f2b34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d9f2b34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Molybdenum<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fec98d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9fec98d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4878641\" data-id=\"4878641\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e433f63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e433f63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Molybdenum is mobile in plants. (Hasandokht, 2016). It plays a role in the synthesis of chlorophyll (Mercurio, 2007) and is part of the structure of two important plant enzymes, nitrate reductase and nitrogenase (Babadai Samani, 2017). Its deficiency symptoms are similar to nitrogen deficiency (Barker and Pilbaum, 2007) and the lower leaves of the plant lose their green color (Hasandekht, 2016). Molybdenum deficiency is seen in the form of chlorosis between the veins of old leaves and usually in semi-acidic and acidic soils (Mercurio, 2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d721750 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d721750\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e5938\" data-id=\"f1e5938\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b7f77d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b7f77d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0272573\" data-id=\"0272573\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-279adfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"279adfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copper<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-91a1ded elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"91a1ded\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba339a1\" data-id=\"ba339a1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9abaf7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9abaf7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This element is not mobile (Mercurio, 2007). Copper is absorbed as divalent Cu2+ ion. Its deficiency symptoms are similar to iron deficiency (Hasandokht, 2016). Copper plays a role in the formation of chlorophyll, absorption of iron, catalysis of biochemical reactions of respiration, (Mercurio, 2007), metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, photosynthesis, cell wall formation, and nitrogen metabolism (Faghria, 2009). Copper deficiency rarely occurs. In fact, the plant&#8217;s need for the element is very low, so that it is supplied with copper in fungicides (Mercurio, 2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7757b54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7757b54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"329\" height=\"346\" src=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/10.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/10.jpg 329w, https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/10-285x300.jpg 285w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0eb5829 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0eb5829\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c7ba5ca\" data-id=\"c7ba5ca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f6a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c1f6a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Silicon<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ef8f4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ef8f4b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3bfb167\" data-id=\"3bfb167\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44de8fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44de8fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Silicon is found in large amounts in the leaf tissue (Hasandekht, 2016). Research has shown that this element increases the production of flowers. Silicon is passively absorbed in the form of silicic acid and transferred to the leaves through transpiration, since this element is a natural compound of the soil and is also present in irrigation water, plants use it. Therefore, it does not seem necessary to add it (Mercurio, 2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9089868 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9089868\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-90556a8\" data-id=\"90556a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17235ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17235ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bor<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3fede89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3fede89\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44105ad\" data-id=\"44105ad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1fe46e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1fe46e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The need for elements in different plants is different and in dicotyledonous plants it is more than monocotyledonous plants<br \/>It is cotyledon. The distance between the toxicity limit and Bar deficiency is very close (Brun and Schlepp, 1997;<br \/>Abdulnoor et al., 2000). On cell division, the transfer of plant sap in the wood vessel and<br \/>phloem, respiration (Mercurio, 2007), transport of sugars in plants, pollen grain germination and tube growth<br \/>Pollen plays a role (Faghria, 2009). Also in flower formation and seed production, membrane stability and<br \/>cell wall, metabolism of nucleic acids, metabolism of nitrates and amino acids,<br \/>Proteins, metabolism of phenols, starch, sugars, ribonucleic acid and indole acid<br \/>Stick is effective (Sharma, 2006; Blevins and Lukaszewski, 1998). element on<br \/>By activating enzymes that plant growth, flower production, pollen seed germination and creation<br \/>They intensify the secondary roots and increase the fruit formation (Khalifa et al.,<br \/>2009). Regulating the amount of water and directing it in the cell, transferring calcium in the plant and adjusting the ratio<br \/>Calcium to potassium is one of the other roles of iron in plants (Babadai Samani, 2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today, the production of cut flowers and ornamental plants is very important in the world. Balanced nutrition is one of the most important factors in improving the yield and quality of cut flowers after harvest (Malkoti, 2003). Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are the 3 main elements in the biochemical synthesis of organic substances (sugar, fat, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-66"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=994"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1192,"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/994\/revisions\/1192"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spidco.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}